论案例区别与先例推翻——美国最高法院Janus案的启示

On Distinguishing and Overturning Legal Precedents——Inspiration from the United States Supreme Court Decision in Janus Case

待审案件与指导性案例的区别将是我国案例指导制度能否起到实际作用的重要因素,司法实践中法官对于区别技术的运用,需要进行理论的分析与总结。美国最高法院2018年判决的Janus v,American Federation of State,County,and Municipal Employees,Council 31案及其涉及的诸多先前案件,一定程度上展示了美国法院在案例区别与推翻先例方面的实践。对这些案件的分析,可以为我们提供相应的启示,例如案例区别具有一定的主观性与个案性,推翻先例应当进行特殊的正当性论证。

The distinction between the pending case and the guiding case is the key clement that seriously affects the practical usefulness of Chinese guiding case system,consequently,the judicial practice of distinguishing guiding case should be thoroughly studied.In 2018,the United States Supreme Court decision on the case of Jnnus v.American Federation of State.County,and Municipal Employees,Council 31 and in numerous other cases,the Supreme Court demonstrated that for the courts in the United States there is certainly a practical dimension to distinguishing and overturning precedents.We may get inspiration from analyzing these cases,particularly from the observation that the act of distinguishing cases involves a certain subjectivity and idiosyncrasy,and the overturning of precedents should be based on special justifications.