城市街面犯罪热点测量的新方法及新推进

A New Method and the Furtherance for Detecting Urban Street Crime Hotspots

传统热点探测手段缺乏对微观地理空间的关注,忽略了街面犯罪独特的空间分布特性。对此,笔者融合核密度制图和路段制图提出核密度路R制图这一新思路。而针对两侧空间相互独立的道路,笔者进一涉提出取侧制图的想法。本砰究显示,新的街面犯罪热点探测方法更为准确、科学。本研究也再次证实街面益窃犯罪的聚集性;证实作为标志性建筑物的大型商业中心对街面盗窃犯罪具有极强的吸引力;发现两种重合的空间环境因素作为犯罪诱因具有叠加作用;发现临近的多种空间环境因素之间的犯罪吸引力的交互作用。同时,本研究也揭示环境犯罪学与犯罪地理学相融合的必要性以及研究方法上关注微观地理单位的重要性。基于此研究,笔者提出犯罪热点防治个别化的理念与思路,并探讨了研究区中热点路段的具体防治策略。

Traditional hotspot-detecting methods have not paid attention to micro space and ignore the unique pattern of spatial distribution of street crime.To solve this problem,I suggest a new detection method called "street profile based on kernel density" which combines Kernel density method with Street profile method.And for the roads which both sides are lack of spatial association,I suggest the two-side detection method.This research shows the new methods are more accurate and scientific.This research reaffirms the aggregation of street theft crime and shows that,as the landmark building,the large-scale commercial center has a very strong attraction to street theft crime.The research also finds the combination of the attractiveness of crime from two overlapping spatial environmental factors,and the interactions of the attractiveness of crime among various spatial environmental factors approaching.And this research reveals the necessity of integration between Environmental Criminology and Criminal Geography,and the importance of focusing on micro geographic units in research methods.With this research suit,I further put forward the concept and method of individual prevention of crime hotspots.Based on the urban street crime map,the strategy of crime prevention and control in the hotspots is also suggested.