2013—2015年深圳市福田区高血压前期人群干预效果

Effect of lifestyle intervention among pre-hypertensive population in Futian District of Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2015

目的评估深圳市福田区高血压前期人群生活方式干预效果。方法 2013年10—11月从深圳市福田区随机抽取12个社区,从被选取的社区中筛查出高血压前期人群1183名。按照社区来源不同将其分为干预组(834人)和对照组(349人),干预内容包括减少钠盐摄入、控制体重和适量运动、戒烟和限制饮酒等,干预形式为群体活动与个体随访相结合,要求每季度至少开展1次活动及随访。对照组不主动提供除常规工作外的任何干预活动。2015年11—12月对纳入管理的高血压前期人群进行评估,共收集到参加基线调查的高血压前期人群944名(干预组607人,对照组337人)。结果干预后,干预组人群主动控油的比例由36.6%上升至55.7%(χ~2=44.71,P<0.01)、主动限盐比例由44.8%上升至61.1%(χ~2=32.72,P<0.01)、身体活动的经常锻炼率由24.1%上升至37.1%(χ~2=24.23,P<0.01),蔬菜水果摄入充足的比例由44.6%上升至53.5%(χ~2=9.61,P<0.01),差异均具有统计学意义;对照组相应指标干预前后比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,干预组中有329人(54.2%)血压恢复到正常范围,244人(40.2%)依旧维持在高血压前期状态,34人(5.6%)转变成高血压患者。对照组中55人(16.4%)血压正常,236人(70.0%)维持高血压前期,46人(13.6%)转变成患者,两组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=130.930,P<0.01)。倍差法结果显示,干预活动使高血压前期人群收缩压下降了7.605 mmHg,舒张压下降了3.727 mmHg。结论通过2年的随访和干预,深圳市福田区干预组的高血压前期人群生活方式得到了改善,综合干预取得了较好的效果。

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of lifestyle intervention program among pre-hypertensive adults in Futian District,Shenzhen City.METHODS A total of 12 communities were selected randomly from Futian District,Shenzhen City between October and November of 2013.A total of 1183 pre-hypertension population was screened and divided into intervention group(834)and control group(349)according to comm unity sources.Comprehensive intervention including reducing sodium intake,weight control and exercise,quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption were implemented in intervention group.The form of intervention was a combination of group activities and individual follow-up,and at least one kind of activity and follow-up was carried out every quarter.The control group did not actively provide any intervention except routine work.The evaluation survey was taken both in intervention group and control group in 2015.RESULTS In the intervention group,the proportion of oil control measures was increased from 36.6%to 55.7%(Х^2=44.71,P<0.01),the proportion of salt reduction measures was increased from 44.8%to 61.1%(Х^2=32.72,P<0.01),the regular exercise rate was increased from 24.1%to 37.1%(Х^2=24.23,P<0.01),adequate intake of fruits and vegetables rate rose from 44.6%to 53.5%(Х^2=9.61,P<0.01)after intervention.There was no statistical difference in these indicators in the control group before and after intervention(P>0.05).After intervention,the blood pressure of 329(54.2%)persons in the intervention group returned to healthy state,244(40.2%)persons remained in the pre-hypertensive state and 34(5.6%)persons were converted to hypertensive patients.In the control group,the blood pressure of 55(16.4%)persons returned to health,236(70.0%)persons maintain prehypertension,and 46(13.6%)persons became hypertensive patients.Compared with the two groups,the difference was statistically significant(Х^2=130.93,P<0.01).The result showed that the systolic blood pressure of the pre-hypertensive group decreased by 7.605 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure decreased by 3.727 mmHg.CONCLUSION After 2 years of follow-up and intervention,the lifestyle of the pre-hypertension population in the intervention group has been improved.The comprehensive intervention has achieved good result.