党内选战:抗战时期国民党的地方选举与派系角力

Inner-Party Election Campaign: The Local Election of the Kuomintang during the War of Resistance and the Struggles between Different Factions

1924年国民党师俄改组后,"民主集权制"的组织原则要求各级党部必须由直接选举产生。随后,国共关系破裂,华北局势动荡使选举制的实践历经曲折与变异。抗战之初,国民党曾一度明文暂停省县选举,虽时隔不久再度重启,选举制却已沦为党内派系斗争的工具。其中,以朱家骅与CC系在地方党部的竞争为主线,亦掺杂了三青团、政学系与地方实力派等多种势力的较量。在党内民主外衣的遮蔽下,各方为赢得选举,不惜僭越制度,操纵选举。最终,选举制的恢复不仅未能使党务振衰起弊,反而导致党内派系矛盾彻底公开化,地方权力秩序陷于混乱,将国民党引入更加危困的境地。

In 1924,after the Kuomintang reorganized itself following the example of Russia,the organizational principle of democratic centralism required that the Party headquarters at all levels must be directly elected.Subsequently,the relationship between the Kuomintang and the CPC broke down,and the situation in North China disturbed,resulting in the practice of electoral system to go through twists and variations.At the beginning of the War of Resistance,the Kuomintang had once explicitly suspended provincial and county elections.Although the election system had been reopened soon after,the electoral system had become a tool of factional struggles within the Party.Among them,the competition between Zhu Jiahua Clique and the CC Clique in the local party headquarters was the main line,and also mixed with struggles among the Three People’s Principles Youth League,the Political Science Clique and local power groups.Under the cover of the inner-party democratic coat,all parties,in order to win the election,did not hesitate to overstep the system and arrange and manipulate the elections.In the end,the restoration of the electoral system failed to revitalize the Party affairs,but rather led to the complete openness of contradictions among different factions in the Party,and the chaos of the local power order,resulting in the Kuomintang into a more precarious situation.