“北支派遣(甲)第一八五五部队”编成新考

An Examination of the Compilation of Unit( A) 1855 of Japanese North China Dispatch Army

"北支派遣(甲)第一八五五部队"(又称"北支那防疫给水部",以下简称"(甲)第一八五五部队"),是侵华日军在中国华北地区秘密建立的细菌研究与作战部队。中日学者自20世纪50年代开始的持续研究,使我们对该部队的历史与罪行有了相当程度的认知,但关于该部队的编成日期、编成地点、组建过程与编制体系等细节问题仍众说纷纭、结论模糊。本文通过对亚洲历史资料中心相关档案的爬梳,结合其他已有和新掌握的史料,基本廓清了自1937年7月至1940年3月侵华日军华北方面军"临时野战防疫给水部""第一野战防疫部""临时防疫部""临时野战防疫部""临时防疫给水部""北支那防疫部"与"北支那防疫给水部"之间的编成沿革、编成时间与部队长问题,确认了"北支那防疫给水部"即(甲)第一八五五部队是在"关东军防疫部"直接参与下组建而成,历时近三年。

Unit(A)1855 of Japanese North China Dispatch Army(also called Unit of North China Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply,hereinafter referred to as Squadron Unit 1855)was a unit for bacteriological studies and military operations secretly built by Japanese aggressive army in North China.The continuing studies by Chinese and Japanese scholars since the 1950s have given us a considerable understanding of the history and crimes of the unit,but there are still divergent opinions on details such as the date,location of its compilation,the process of its building and establishment system,etc.,and the conclusions are not very clear.Based on the historical documents of Japan Center for Asian Historical Records,combining with the existing and other newly found historical materials,this article has made clear about the problems of the evolution,time of compilation and leaders of North China Area Army’s Unit of Temporary Field Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply,No.1 Unit of Field Epidemic Prevention,Unit of Temporary Epidemic Prevention,Unit of Temporary Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply,Unit of North China Epidemic Prevention,Unit of North China Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply from July 1937 to March 1940,and confirms that Unit of North China Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Unit,e.g.Unit 1855,was established under the direct participation of the Kwantung Army’s Unit of Epidemic Prevention,and it lasted for nearly three years.