交通事故时空模式可视分析方法

Visual Analysis Method of Traffic Accident Spatial-Temporal Pattern

随着城市化进程的推进,城市人口和车辆迅速增长,城市交通事故日益频发,成为社会关注的热点。以合肥市近十年的交通事故记录数据为研究对象,运用可视分析方法分析交通事故记录数据中事故发生的时间和地点信息,探究交通事故的时空模式,构建交通事故可视分析系统,以辅助相关部门改善交通事故频发问题。文中首次提出了道路事故危险度的概念,并以之为判定依据,结合多尺度时间统计折线图和周期性时间统计环形图等可视化方法,构建了一种新的事故多发路段的识别方法。与传统事故多发路段识别方法相比,本方法无需对道路进行分段处理,从而避免了分段优劣对识别结果的影响。在此基础上,将交通事故数据与城市路网数据相结合,运用可视分析技术构建交通事故可视分析系统。本系统可以帮助相关部门了解总体城市交通事故和单条道路的时间模式及事故多发路段,并探究连续时间限定或周期时间限定下的事故多发路段。除时间条件外,本系统还能识别不同天气等其他限定条件下的事故多发路段,从而使得交警部门能根据不同情况下的道路事故危险度来进行决策管理,并合理部署救援警力,降低事故危害。所提系统对缓解和遏制交通事故增长势头、减少和预防道路交通事故具有重要的现实意义,并且也有利于道路交通的科学有效管理。

With the advancement of urbanization and the rapid growth of urban population and vehicles,urban traffic accidents are increasingly frequent,which becomes a hot social concern.This paper took the traffic accident record data of Hefei City in the past ten years as the research object,used the visual analysis method to analyze the accident time and the place information in the traffic accident record data,explored the time and space pattern of the traffic accident,and constructed the traffic accident analysis system,so as to assist relevant departments to improve frequent traffic accidents.In this paper,the concept of road accident risk degree was put forward for the first time,and a new identification method of accident-prone road section was constructed based on multi-scale time statistical zigzag chart and periodic time statistical circle map.Compared with the traditional method,this method does not need to deal with the road segmentation,thus avoiding the impact of the quality of the segmentation on the recognition results.On this basis,this paper combined traffic accident data with urban road network data,and used visual analysis technology to build a visual analysis system of traffic accidents.This system can help relevant departments to understand the time pattern of the overall urban traffic accidents and single road and the accident-prone sections,and explore the accident-prone sections under the continuous time limit or cycle time limit.In addition to time conditions,the system can also identify accident-prone sections under different weather and other limited conditions,so that traffic police departments can make decision management through road accident risk under different circumstances,deploy rescue police forces reasonably and reduce accident hazards.The proposed system has important practical significance for mitigating and curbing the growth of traffic accidents,reducing and preventing road traffic accidents.It is also conducive to the scientific and effective mana-gement of road traffic.