护士岗位胜任能力、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系研究

Study on the relationship between job competency,coping style and job burnout of nurses

目的探讨护士工作岗位胜任能力、应对方式对护士工作倦怠影响,为护士职业健康提供指导。方法2017年2—9月对湖州市3所医院的367名护士进行横断面调查,采用中文版护理行为六维度(6-D)量表测量护士的工作岗位胜任能力状况,采用简易应对方式量表测试护士的应对方式,采用马氏工作倦怠量表-服务行业版(MBI-HSS)测定护士职业倦怠状况,分析护士工作岗位胜任能力、应对方式与护士工作倦怠的效应关系。本研究共发放问卷367份,回收有效问卷301份,有效回收率为92.33%。结果301名护士简易应对方式量表中积极应对得分(1.68±0.61)分,消极应对得分(1.93±0.74)分;护士护理行为6-D量表6个维度与MBI-HSS中情感枯竭维度、去人格化维度及积极应对方式均呈负相关(P<0.05),与个人情感维度、积极应对方式均呈正相关(P<0.05)。护士应对方式在工作岗位胜任能力对工作倦怠的影响中起到了部分中介作用,工作岗位胜任能力对工作倦怠的路径系数为0.62(P<0.001),工作岗位胜任能力可以解释工作倦怠的57.31%的变异量;应对方式对工作倦怠的路径系数为-0.41(P<0.001);工作岗位胜任能力对工作倦怠的路径系数为-0.51(P<0.001);工作岗位胜任能力、应对方式解释职业倦怠21.57%的变异量;工作岗位胜任能力通过应对方式对职业倦怠的间接效应为-0.25(P<0.001)。结论应对方式在工作岗位胜任能力和工作倦怠的关系中起部分中介效应,护理管理者和教育者应该从工作岗位胜任力培养、应对方式培训等多种途径,提高护士的岗位胜任能力,改善其积极应对方式,从而从一定程度上降低护士的职业倦怠。

Objective To explore the influence of nurses' self-job competence and coping style on nurses' job burnout, and to provide guidance for nurses' occupational health. Methods From February to September of 2017, a total of 367 nurses from three hospitals of Huzhou City were recruited in a cross-sectional survey. The Chinese version of the Six Dimension (6-D) Scale of Nursing Performance was used to measure the competency of nurses. The General Coping Style Scale were used to measure the coping style of nurses. Maslash Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to assess the job burnout of nurses, and analyze the relationship between job competency, coping style and job burnout of nurses. A total of 367 questionnaires were distributed in this study, 301 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate was 92.33%. Results In general coping style scale, the positive coping score of the 301 nurses was (1.68±0.61) and the negative coping score was (1.93±0.74). The 6-D scale were negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and positive coping style in MBI-HSS (P<0.05), positively correlated with personal emotion and positive coping style (P<0.05). The coping style of nurses plays a mediating role in the influence of job competency on job burnout. The path coefficient of job competency on job burnout was 0.62 (P<0.001). Job competency could explain 57.31% of job burnout variance. The path coefficient of coping style to job burnout was -0.41.The path coefficient of coping style to job burnout was -0.41 (P<0.001). The path coefficient of job competency to job burnout was -0.51 (P<0.001). Job competency and coping style could explain 21.57% variance of job burnout. The indirect effect of job competency on job burnout through coping style was -0.25 (P<0.001). Conclusions The coping style makes part of the mediating effect on the relationship between job competence and job burnout. Nursing managers and educators should improve the competency of nurses in various aspects such as job competency training, coping style training, and so on. These may help nurses improve their positive coping style and reduce their professional burnout.