生物炭与不同用量氮肥配施对小白菜生长和品质的影响

Effects of combined application of biochar and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and quality of pakchoi

为了明确生物炭对小白菜栽培中氮肥减量施用的作用,用0、0.25 g·kg^(-1)(以N计)施氮量的土壤以及4%(w,下同)生物炭与0、0.15、0.20、0.25 g·kg^(-1)土壤施氮量配施的土壤栽培小白菜,探讨生物炭与不同用量氮肥配施对小白菜生长、品质的影响。结果表明:(1)施用生物炭可显著降低土壤容重、EC值,提高土壤孔隙度和pH(;2)在氮肥供应充足时,施用生物炭能显著增加小白菜的叶片数、总叶面积、地上部鲜质量和干质量;(3)与0.25 g·kg^(-1)的施氮量相比,生物炭与60%用量的氮肥(0.15 g·kg^(-1)土壤)配施对小白菜的产量没有显著影响,但氮肥利用效率、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量显著提高,硝酸盐含量显著降低。研究发现,4%生物炭与60%用量的氮肥(0.15 g·kg^(-1))土壤配施可以在保证产量的前提下,提高小白菜的品质,并实现减少氮肥施用量的目的。

In order to clarify the effect of biochar on the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in pakchoi cultivation,pakchoi was cultivated in soils which were applicated by nitrogen fertilizer at rate of 0 and 0.25 g·kg^-1(based on N)and 4%(w)biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 0,0.15,0.20 and 0.25 g·kg^-1,the effects of combined application of biochar and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and quality of pakchoi were researched.The results showed that the soil bulk density and EC values were significantly reduced,soil porosity and pH were increased after the application of biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer supply was sufficient,the number of leaves,total leaf area,fresh weight and dry weight of aerial part of pakchoi were significantly increased by application of biochar.Compared with the nitrogen fertilizer application amounts of 0.25 g·kg^-1,the yield of pakchoi was less affected by combined application of biochar with 60%of application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer(0.15 g·kg^-1),but the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly increased,and the nitrate content was significantly reduced.These results indicated that combined application of biochar could improve the quality of pakchoi and reduce the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the premise of ensuring the yield.