妇女运动爆发前的俄罗斯女子教育

Russian Women's Education in Front of the Feminist Movement

从基辅罗斯时期到19世纪六十年代妇女运动爆发前,俄罗斯女子教育经历了近千年的发展与衍变历程,总体上可以分为以下三个时期:中世纪若有若无的女子教育,完全受惠于自发参与到教育实践中来的上层社会女性;18世纪,当政者意识到女子教育对国家发展的重要性,由统治者主导的教育改革不但将女子教育提上日程,而且通过引进西欧教育模式大力发展本国女子教育;19世纪上半叶,女子教育逐渐从整个教育体系中分离出来。长期以来,俄国女子教育一直隐藏在男子教育的光环之下,其教育内容则始终围绕当权者对妇女贤妻良母的角色定位而展开,与现代意义上的女子教育尚存在一定距离。

The development and evolution of Russian female education has experienced nearly a thousand years,fromthe period of the Kievan,to the time antecedent to the feminist movement in the 1861s.In general,it can be divided into the following three periods:THE MIDDLE AGE– when female education existed occasionally,and its emergence and existence have fully benefited from some of the upper-class females that have spontaneously participated in educational practice.THE 18th CENTURY,when the politicians realized the importance of female education to the development of the country,governors of the country not only started to mastermind the female education reform,but also focused on developing female education by introducing the Western European education model.THE FIRST HALF of the 19th CENTURY,the system was more complete,and the gap between Russia and Europe was gradually reduced.For a long time,female education in Russia has been hidden under the aura of male education,and its educational content has always been centered on the role of women being good wives and mothers,with the role itself was oriented and defined by the patricentric authority.The distinction between female education in 19th century and modern sense of female education is yet evident.