苗期水肥耦合对玉米农艺性状、产量及产量性状的影响

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling at Seedling Stage on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Yield Traits of Maize

研究苗期水肥耦合对玉米农艺性状、产量及产量性状的影响,探讨最佳的水肥耦合模式。在盆栽条件下,本研究采用L_9(3~4)4因素3水平正交试验设计,研究不同水肥处理对玉米株高、茎粗和产量等指标的影响。各个时期水肥耦合处理研究表明,处理7、8、9的玉米株高、茎粗表现最优且处理之间差异不显著,三个处理调亏程度均为70%～80%,说明水分在水肥耦合试验中对玉米的农艺性状起决定性作用。土壤相对含水量70%～80%、施氮量150 kg/hm^2、施磷量100 kg/hm^2、施钾量300 kg/hm^2条件下穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数均表现较高,秃尖值最低,获得了较高的单株产量。综合分析认为中单808最佳的水肥耦合模式是在土壤相对含水量为70%～80%条件下,氮、磷、钾肥分别施用150 kg/hm^2、100 kg/hm^2、300 kg/hm^2。

The effect of water and fertilizer coupling on agronomic traits, yield and yield traits of maize was studied. The optimal water-fertilizer coupling model was discussed. Under potting conditions, this study used L 9 (3 4) four-factor three-level orthogonal design to examine the effect of different water and fertilizer treatments on plant height, stem diameter and yield. The results showed that plant height and stem diameter performed best in treatment 7, treatment 8 and treatment 9 and the difference between the treatments was not significant. The three treatments were all at 70 %~80 % relative soil water content, indicating that water plays a decisive role in the agronomic traits of maize in the water-fertilizer coupling test. Under the conditions of the relative soil water content of 70 %~80 %, the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm^2, the phosphorus application rate of 100 kg/hm^2 and the potassium application rate of 300 kg/hm^2, the ear length, ear diameter, ear row number and grain number were all higher and the baldness was the lowest. Therefore a higher yield per plant is obtained. Taking all aspects into consideration, the optimal water-fertilizer coupling model of Zhongdan808 maize is 150 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen, 100 kg/hm^2 of phosphorus and 300 kg/hm^2 of potassium under the condition of 70 %~80 % relative soil water content.