延迟退休会损害健康吗?——基于对退而不休的研究

Does Postponing Retirement Affect Health?

老年人的健康水平对延迟退休政策的制定和实施具有重要意义,但已有文献对此却很少涉及。使用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,利用倾向得分匹配法研究了老年人退而不休行为对健康的影响,以此评估我国延迟退休政策可能产生的健康后果。研究结果发现,退而不休总体上并不会影响老年人健康水平,反而对老年人的日常活动能力有显著的正向促进作用,但这种正向作用只体现在男性老年人。同时,退而不休在一定程度上显著提高了低龄老年人健康水平,总体上对高龄老年人健康没有影响,但对高龄老年人的认知功能产生显著的负向影响。研究结论在一定程度上为延迟退休政策的健康后果提供了证据,延迟退休政策不会对健康产生负面影响。在延迟退休政策制定和实施过程中,政府应该高度关注延迟退休政策对部分老龄人特别是没有继续工作意愿和高龄老年人的健康的影响。

The health level of the elderly is great significant to the formulation and implementation of the postponing retirement age policy,but it is seldom involved in the literature.Using the China Health and RetirementLongitudinal survey data,this paper estimates the effects of the elderly’s working after retirement behavior on health with propensity score matching method,so as to evaluate the possible health consequences of the postponing retirement age policy.We find that working after retirement behavior does not affect the elderly’s health on the whole,and has a positive impact on the daily activities of the man elderly.Working after retirement significantly improves the heath of the young elderly,but does not affect the health of the old elderly.The Government should pay more attention to the influence of postponing retirement age policy on the health of some elderly people,especially those who do not want to work and the old elderly.