中国古代土地所有制“二元结构”变迁

The Change of the “Dual Structure” of Land Ownership in Ancient China

土地制度是整个社会经济结构的基石,土地问题是"研究中国三千年历史的钥匙"。在中国古代社会经历的十几个朝代近三千年的历史长河中,土地制度不断发展变化。自商朝氏族部落土地制度开始,从各主要朝代土地制度变迁中,总结中国古代社会土地制度的演变规律:氏族部落土地所有制—王朝土地所有制—私人土地所有制—土地所有制"二元结构"并存。在总结中国古代土地所有制"二元结构"发展规律的同时,在井田制、土地私有制界定以及土地所有权、使用权、经营权、收益权"四权分立"等方面提出新观点。

Land system is the cornerstone of the whole economic stmcture. The land issue is "the key to the study of China’s 3000-year history". In the long history of nearly 3000 years of more than a dozen dynasties in ancient China, land system had always been developing and changing. Starting from the clan tribal land system in Shang Dynasty, this paper attempts to summarize the evolution law of land systems in ancient China based on the changes of land systems in the past 3000 years, where the nodes were clan tribal land ownership, dynasty land ownership, private land ownership and "dual structure" land ownership. This paper summarize the development law of the "dual structure" of land ownership in ancient China and put forward some new viewpoints on the definition of well-field system and private land ownership, also the "separation of four rights"------ land ownership right, use right, management right and income right.