公民就业权视域下劳动者前科报告义务的体系解释——以美国雇员案犯罪记录争议为切入

System Explanation of Laborers' Criminal Record Reporting Obligation from the Perspective of Citizens' Employment Right

根据《宪法》第42条规定的公民就业权,国家应创造就业条件帮助具有犯罪记录者实现社会融入,因此对《刑法》第100条劳动者前科报告义务条款进行体系解释的结论为,公民求职时不应具有普遍性的前科报告义务。结合劳动合同法的如实说明义务理解前科报告的范围,其应仅包括与录用条件、工作内容直接相关的罪行;同时外国劳动者也无需报告仅相当于我国违法行为的违警罪等或仅受保安处分的记录。而且《刑法》第100条属于管理性强行规范,劳动者隐瞒前科导致其不符合录用条件或者不胜任相关岗位时才能认定劳动合同无效。

The labor’s obligation to report on the criminal record of Article 100 of the Criminal Law shall be interpreted systematically from two aspects.The scope of the report of the prior section should be interpreted in conjunction with the obligation of truthful disclosure of the Labor Contract Law,including only the conditions of employment and the content of the work;and the ordinary crimes which is equivalent to the record of illegal activities in China of foreign workers is also not obligated to report.At the same time,according to the Contract Law,Article 100 shall be deemed to be a mandatory administrative norm.If the labor conceals the previous crime record and is found not meeting the conditions for employment or be incompetent of the work,the labor contract shall be invalid.