肿瘤来源的外泌体在肿瘤进展中的作用及其诊疗意义

Influence of tumor - derived exosome(TEX)on development,diagnosis and treatment of tumor

外泌体是一种由细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合产生的纳米级小囊泡。它们广泛分布在生物体血液、尿液、胸腹腔积液等几乎所有体液中。作为细胞间通讯和遗传物质的重要载体,外泌体可以通过各种生物活性分子,如细胞膜受体、蛋白质、信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)和微小RNA(micro RNA,miRNA)的转移直接刺激靶细胞,从而发挥其生物学功能。从肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体称为肿瘤来源的外泌体(tumor-derived exosome,TEX),除了具备外泌体的一般特征外更有其特殊性。研究TEX对肿瘤发生发展的影响将开辟全新的诊断和治疗肿瘤的新方法。

Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles produced by the fusion of multivesicular bodies and cell membranes which are widely distributed in almost all body fluids such as blood,urine,pleural and peritoneal effusions. As an important role of intercellular communication and genetic material carrier,exosomes play its biological function by stimulating target cells directly through the transfer of various bioactive molecules such as cell membrane receptors,proteins,messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and micro RNAs(miRNAs). Tumor-derived exosome(TEX)is a type of exosome secreted by tumor cells which not only has the general characteristics of exosomes but also has special features. Studying the effect of TEX will open up a whole new way to diagnosis and treatment of tumor.