论扫黑除恶刑事政策对正当防卫成立条件的影响——从于海明正当防卫案说起

Influence of the Criminal Policy of Eliminating Gangland on the Establishment Conditions of Self-defense——Based on the Yu Haiming Case

在2018年8月发生的于海明正当防卫案中,真正的聚讼焦点在于于海明的追砍行为能否被认定为正当防卫。现有的观点缺乏从刑事政策角度对该问题的解读。从学说史上看,刑事政策对刑法体系的改造是彻底的,在刑法体系的概念建构以及具体个案的判断中,都应当贯彻刑事政策目的性思考的判断进路。在对本案的讨论中,现有观点多是从传统的教义学体系进行分析,且存在一定的谬误。只有在宏观上充分考虑一般预防的目的诉求,在微观上结合扫黑除恶刑事政策的需要作通盘考虑,才能对于海明的追砍行为作出既符合价值需求又具有实质合理性的判断。

The real controversial issue in the Yu Haiming case is that whether the assaulting action should be attributed to self-defense. So far, there is no interpretation from the aspect of criminal policy. From the perspective of theoretical history, the criminal policy thoroughly reformed criminal law theory. Purposive consideration should be carried out in the conceptual construction of the criminal law system and the judgment of specific cases. In the discussion of this case, the existing opinions mostly analyzed from the traditional doctrinal system, and then caused fallacies. Only by fully considering the purpose of general prevention macroscopically and the needs of criminal policies of Eliminating Gangland microscopically, can we make a judgment that accords with the value needs and gets substantial rationality.