多渠道国际技术溢出对区域创新能力的空间效应研究

Research on Spatial Effects of Multi-channel International Technology Spillovers on Regional Innovation

基于拓展后的Bertschek模型,结合交通基础设施的竞争效应、学习成本效应、区位效应和吸收扩散效应,采用2006—2016年省级数据和空间计量方法,分析外商直接投资(FDI)、对外直接投资(OFDI)、进出口、交通基础设施对区域创新能力的影响,结果表明:FDI、OFDI和出口产生本地创新溢出,正向影响邻近地区;交通基础设施强化FDI向本地创新转化,是形成FDI本地创新溢出区域差异的原因之一;国际贸易创新溢出更易受到空间限制,交通基础设施减弱进出口创新溢出的空间衰减;研发投入、教育和互联网普及具有本地创新溢出,研发投入正向影响邻近地区。我国应改善高技术进口依赖,培养升级品牌企业,发挥进口创新效应;缩小交通基础设施区域差异,实现双向国际技术溢出的兼顾和配合。

Combining the expanded Bertschek model with the competition effect, learning cost effect, location effect and absorption and diffusion effect of transportation infrastructure, provincial data from 2006-2016 in China and spatial econometric model are adopted in the analysis of the impact on regional innovation brought about by FDI, OFDI, import and export trade and transportation infrastructure. The results show that FDI, OFDI and export trade can generate significant local innovation spillovers thus positively influence neighboring areas. Transportation infrastructure plays a positive role in FDI’s transformation into local innovation, thus becoming one of the reasons for regional differences in local innovation spillovers in FDI. Innovation spillovers of international trade are more vulnerable to space constraints and transportation infrastructure weakens the spatial attenuation of innovation spillovers. R&D investment, education and Internet penetration bring about local innovation spillover effect, while R&D investment has a significant positive impact on neighboring regions. China should reduce its dependence on high-tech import, cultivate and upgrade brand enterprise and bring the import innovation effect into play. In the meantime, it is a must to narrow down regional differences in transportation infrastructure so as to realize the balance and cooperation in two-way international technology spillover.