社会养老保险对农村老年人相对剥夺感的影响研究

Research on the Effect of Social Endowment Insurance on the Sense of Relative Deprivation of the Rural Elderly

基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2015年的调研数据,采用有序Probit回归模型,实证分析社会养老保险对农村老年人相对剥夺感的影响效应。研究表明:社会养老保险有利于缓解农村老年人的经济剥夺感和社会剥夺感;在采用工具变量法消除内生性问题后,研究结论依然成立;社会养老保险通过提高农村老年人的社会信任感、健康水平和政治参与度来降低其相对剥夺感;异质性检验显示,社会养老保险对农村男性、80岁以上和贫困线以下老年人相对剥夺感的影响效应更大。应建立基础养老金与居民消费指数的联动增长机制,倡导精准扶贫政策向农村老年人群体倾斜,并通过营造重视和关爱农村老年人的社会氛围,来逐渐消除其相对剥夺感。

Based on the survey data of China comprehensive social survey(CGSS) in 2015, this paper adopts the Ordered Probit Regression model to empirically analyze the effect of social endowment insurance on the sense of relative deprivation of rural elderly. The research shows that social endowment insurance is conducive to alleviating the sense of economic and social deprivation of the rural elderly. When endogenous problem is eliminated by using instrumental variables, the research conclusions stay strong. The results of the investigation on the influencing mechanism show that the social endowment insurance reduces the sense of relative deprivation by improving the social trust, health status and political participation of the rural elderly. Further analysis of the heterogeneity test shows that the effect is higher of social endowment insurance on the relative sense of deprivation among rural males, the 80 year-olds and above, and the elderly below the poverty line. Based on this, the paper believes that a linkage growth mechanism between basic pension and household consumption index should be established, that the targeted poverty alleviation policy should be advocated to favor rural elderly groups, and that a social atmosphere of paying attention to and caring for rural elderly should be created in order to gradually eliminate the sense of relative deprivation.