巴西华人“提包业”探昔

Survey on the Chinese “Tibao Job” in Brazil

作为一个具有巴西特色的华侨华人在当地从事的职业,"提包业"在传统华人移民的早期就已经存在,当时的从业者主要由获得自由身份的"契约劳工"、来自中国的华侨和来自其他国家的华侨华人组成;到了20世纪60—70年代以后的新移民时代,来自中国台湾和中国大陆的新移民中很多人也从"提包业"做起。从历史上到现在,"提包业"成了初到巴西的华侨华人资本"原始积累"的重要途径。一些人在经营"提包业"积蓄了一笔资金后,便向其他行业投资,依托"提包业"起家成为富商。而从事"提包业"的华侨华人,则从流动小贩做起,不少后来在这一行业成为拥有自己店铺的小商。"提包业"在巴西华侨华人生存和发展的过程中,发挥了不可忽略的重要作用。

As a Chinese career with Brazilian features,"Tibao Job" existed in the early period of the traditional Chinese migration.At that time the main employee are"contracted labors" with free identity,overseas Chinese from China and other countries. In the new migration era after 1960 s and 1970 s,those who did the job included the new migrants from Taiwan and China's Mainland.From history to present,"Tibao Job"became an important channel of the primitive accumulation of capital for those who just came to Brazil. As soon as making a sum of money from "Tibao Job",they began to invest in other industries,among which some rich Chinese merchants started their business from "Tibao Job". Overseas Chinese generally started from mobile vendors. Successful ones had their own shops later. In short,"Tibao Job" took an important role in the existence and development of overseas Chinese in Brazil.