上海市某社区老年人健康自助行为体验的质性研究

Experience of Healthy Self-help Behavior among the Elderly in a Shanghai Urban Community:A Qualitative Study

目的深入了解社区老年人健康自助行为的体验,以期为制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法以质性研究中的现象学方法为指导,采用目的抽样和滚雪球抽样法选取上海市闵行区某社区居住年限≥5年、居住时间≥10个月/年的60岁以上居家老年人作为访谈对象,对其进行半结构式访谈,根据Colaizzi的7步分析法对资料进行分析,提炼主题。结果上海市某社区老年人的健康自助行为体验可归纳为3个主题:社区老年人存在多种形式的健康自助行为;健康自助行为与社会人口学、感知疾病因素有关;健康自助行为存在健康理解程度、饮食控制、运动缺乏方面的偏差。结论应在积极老龄化概念框架的引导下,对社区老年人的健康自助行为进行专业化的引导及环境上的构建,以促进社区老年人健康自助行为的改善。

Objective To understand the current situation of healthy self-help behavior among the elderly in the community,in order to provide reference for future intervention.Methods Under the guidance of phenomenological method,the elderly people aged 60 years and over who lived in a community of Minhang district of Shanghai for more than 5 years,and lived for more than 10 months each year were selected as the subjects of study by purposeful sampling and snowball sampling methods.Semi-structured interviews were conducted and Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method was used to analyze the data and refine the theme.Results The following three main themes were obtained:there were the various forms of healthy self-help behavior among the elderly in the community;healthy self-help behavior was related to socio-demographic factors and perceived disease factors;there were deviations of healthy self-help behavior in health understanding,dietary control and lack of exercise.Conclusion Under the guidance of the concept framework of active aging,it is suggested the professional guidance and environmental construction can improve and promote healthy self-help behavior of the elderly in the community.