华北自治运动与地方实力派的政治选择

The North China Autonomy Movement and the Political Choices of Local Forces

华北自治运动是内政外交双重因素交互影响的产物,不仅是日本有预谋的蚕食华北、实施其侵略中国计划的重要步骤,亦是《何梅协定》达成后,在国民政府对日妥协背景之下,华北政治失序、中央与地方矛盾冲突激化的结果。华北各地方实力派面对日军与国民政府的双重压力,为保存实力,一方面均主张对日妥协退让,另一方面他们对待中央的态度迥异,地缘政治成为影响各派势力政治选择的重要变量。此外,日本蚕食华北,国民政府对日政策犹疑不定,使得中央与地方的结构性矛盾在日军侵略的外在压力下愈发激化,成为国民政府控制华北难以克服的关键性因素。

The North China autonomy movement was the combined product of internal affairs and foreign policy.It was not only an important step in Japan’s plan to nibble away North China and invade the whole country,but also the result of political disarray in North China and the intensification of conflict between the central and the local governments against the background of the Kuomintang government’s appeasement of Japan after He-Umezu Agreement.The local power-holders in North China faced twofold pressure,from the Japanese and from the Kuomintang government.In order to maintain their power,they agreed to appease Japan while retaining dissimilar attitudes toward the central government.Geopolitics became an important variable affecting the political choices of the different forces.In addition,Japanese encroachment and the Kuomintang government’s vacillation over its Japan policy intensified the structural contradictions between the central and the local governments amid the external pressure of Japanese aggression,forming a key factor that rendered it hard for the Kuomintang to assert its control of North China.