亳州4种地产药材提取前后重金属转移率及风险评估研究

Research of Transfer Rates of Heavy Metals and Tiered Risk Assessment in Four Traditional Chinese Medicines of Bozhou before and after Extraction

目的:通过对亳州4种地产药材白芍、天花粉、菊花、桑白皮提取前后5种重金属转移率的考察,对4种药材重金属残留量进行风险评估,为制定中药材重金属限量标准提供参考依据。方法:分别采用煎煮、超声波振荡、乙醇回流3种提取方法制备样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对样品中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)5种重金属进行含量测定,并采用分级别的风险评估方法,对药材提取前后重金属残留量进行风险评估。结果:3种提取方法中,As、Pb、Cu的转移率较大,Hg、Cd的转移率较小;Pb、Hg和Cu在水煎煮中转移率较大,而Cd和As在乙醇回流方式中转移率较大。一级风险评估中表明,4种药材中Cd、Hg、Cu对大部分人群相对安全,而Pb、As可能对部分人群具有一定的风险;二级风险评估的结果是4种药材Pb、As的风险较小。结论:4种药材通过不同方法提取后5种重金属转移率差距较大,不同提取方式对重金属转移率的影响也不同。本研究采用了中药外源性有害残留物的分级别的风险评估,对于较低级别评估模型得到的较高风险的情况,应进一步采用更加精确的更高级别的评估模型进行评估,该研究为制定重金属限量标准提供参考依据。

Objective:To study the transfer of four heavy metals in the Paeoniae Radix Alba,Trichosanthis Radix,Chrysanthemi Flos and Mori Cortex of the Bozhou and assess the risk of the four medicines in order to provide basis for the formulation of standards. Methods:The samples were prepared by three extraction methods:decoction,ultrasonic oscillation and ethanol hot refluxing. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were used to determine lead,cadmium,arsenic,mercury and copper in the samples. Risk assessment for heavy metals in the four medicines before and after extraction was done by tiered risk assessment approach. Results:The transfer rate of the arsenic,lead and copper are higher,but the transfer rate of the mercury and cadmium are lower. The transfer rate of the lead,mercury and copper by the decoction are higher,but the transfer rate of the cadmium and arsenic by the ethanol hot refluxing are higher. The first tiered risk assessment indicate that cadmium,mercury and copper are relatively safe for most people in the four medicinal materials,but lead and arsenic are dangerous for some people. The second tiered risk assessment indicate that lead and arsenic are safe. Conclusion:There is a big difference in the transfer rate of five heavy metals among the four medicinal materials by three extraction methods and the effects of extraction on the transfer of heavy metals are also different. The study adopts tiered risk assessment models for exogenous harmful residues in medicinal materials. For the high risk results got by lower tiered risk assessment models,a more precise and higher risk assessment model should be used to assess the risks.The study provids references for the formulation of standards.