基于情报过程视角辨析情报分析与数据分析的关系

Exploring the Relationship between Intelligence Analysis and Data Analysis from thePerspective of Intelligence Process

近年来,人工智能、大数据等技术的发展给情报学的发展带来机遇。然而,情报学界的学者常将情报分析与数据分析混为一谈,情报分析研究被"泛大数据化"或被弱化为数据分析研究。为避免此类问题,文章对情报分析与数据分析的关系进行辨析。通过对比分析,发现数据分析是情报分析的基础,大数据分析是数据分析方法体系的重要组成,但是无法取代情报分析。两者之间区别显著:从数据对象维度来看,数据分析方法以处理单源数据为主,情报分析方法以处理关联的全源数据为主;从产出结果来看,数据分析产出的是新信息、新知识,情报分析产出的是新智能;从分析起点维度来看,数据分析主要是数据驱动,情报分析主要是目标驱动;从分析方法维度看,数据分析以定量分析为主,定性分析、归纳推理、演绎推理为辅,情报分析在产出新信息、新知识阶段以定量分析为主,在智能产出阶段以归纳推理、演绎推理为主。

In recent years,the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data has brought opportunities for the development of Information Science.However,scholars in the Information Science community often confuse intelligence analysis with data analysis,and intelligence analysis research has the tendency of over big data or is weakened into data analysis research.In order to avoid such problems,this paper analyzes the relationship between intelligence analysis and data analysis.Through comparative analysis,it is found that data analysis is the basis of intelligence analysis,and big data analysis is an important component of the data analysis method system,but it cannot replace intelligence analysis.The differences between intelligence analysis and data analysis are obvious.From the dimension of data object,the data analysis method focuses on processing single-source data,and the intelligence analysis method mainly deals with the related full-source data.From the perspective of output results,data analysis yields new information and new knowledge,while intelligence analysis yields new intelligence.From the dimension of the starting point of analysis,data analysis is mainly driven by data,while intelligence analysis is mainly driven by goals.From the analysis method perspective,data analysis is mainly based on quantitative analysis,and supplemented by qualitative analysis,inductive reasoning,and deductive reasoning,and intelligence analysis mainly focuses on quantitative analysis at the stage of outputting new information and new knowledge,and inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning at the intelligence output stage.