元明清法制文学怪诞艺术论

On the Grotesque Legality Literature in Yuan,Ming,Qing Dynasties

元杂剧和明清小说中有不少法制题材的文学作品,这些法制文学和涉法文学作品受当时政治黑暗和法制沦丧的社会环境影响,其中一部分作品采用了怪诞艺术来表现。元明清法制文学的怪诞艺术,在形象塑造上表现为人兽互变,具有典型的反常化特征;结构上往往采用假体结构,用游记体、寓言体和志怪体来表现;艺术技巧上传承了"魂梦探案"的模式,怪诞中融入了浓厚的理想化色彩。借助怪诞艺术来表现法制主题,固然是因为政治上的严苛,但两者却达到了珠联璧合的艺术效果。

Yuan Dynasty Zaju-plays and novels in Ming and Qing dynasties produced many works related to the legality literature.These works reflected the darkness of political environment and the perish of legal system during that era,some of which were achieved through the art of grotesque.The art of Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties’ grotesque works took the form of abnormal transformation between humans and beasts.The works included travel logs,parables,and mystery and supernatural novels.Investigation in a dream is an artistic style that these works employed,which showed strong idealist orientation.Utilizing grotesque to illustrate the legal themes was a result of the dark political environment at the time,but it accomplished extraordinary artistic effect.