商业化基因检测中的人权问题研究

The Application Prospect of the Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing and Relevant Human Rights Problems

随着基因检测技术的更新换代,基因检测的成本逐渐降低,商业化基因检测项目开始兴起,掀起一股商业化基因检测的热潮。与之相对的是,目前对商业化基因检测行业的法律规制却严重缺位。法律规制供给不足,可能引发受检者知情权与不知情权、个人自决权、隐私权和发展权受损等人权问题,并容易产生基因歧视等社会现象。为此,应确立"单独保护"的立法模式,明确商业化基因检测的市场监管主体、准入制度、市场监督标准、市场主体义务、责任与救济机制等,实现促进科技发展和人权保护的平衡。

With the continuous improvement of genetic testing technology and the decreasing cost of genetic test, the direct-to-consumer genetic testing entered the public’s awareness and spurring extensive interest. Through research on the existing social and legal background of direct-to-consumer genetic testing programs, this paper discovers that there is a serious lack of legal regulation in this industry . Under the circumstances,the risk of infringe upon human rights is raised. For instance, it would endanger the individual right to know, right to self-determination, right to equality, right to privacy even the national right to development. In order to solve these problems, it proposes a solution from legal aspect, that is, setting up the independent legislation pattern and constructing system of the efficient market supervision.