我国人口经济的现状、问题和建议

The Current Situation,Problems and Suggestions of China's Population Economy

基于我国新时代人口战略的背景,本文研究了我国人口经济的现状、问题,并提出了相应的建议。本文认为,长期以来我国经济的增长得益于人口红利的释放,虽然人口红利还未完全消失,但已进入拐点。未来,我国人口经济面临的问题主要是人口年龄结构的问题,即老年人口占比上升、人口红利逐渐消失。人口的年龄结构问题对我国经济增长、产业结构升级以及社会保障都将带来一定程度的负面影响。基于我国人口经济的现状及问题,本文认为,我国需要进一步从生育制度、经济发展方式、劳动力资源配置以及社会保障四个方面完善相关体制机制,以应对即将到来的人口老龄化问题。

Based on the background of China's new era population strategy,this paper studies the current situation and problems of China's population economy and puts forward corresponding suggestions. This paper believes that for a long time,China's economic growth has benefited from the release of the demographic dividend. Although the demographic dividend has not completely disappeared,it has entered an inflection point. In the future,the problems faced by China's population economy are mainly the problem of the age structure of the population,that is,the proportion of the elderly population is rising and the demographic dividend is gradually disappearing. The age structure of the population will have a certain degree of negative impact on China's economic growth,industrial structure upgrading and social security. Based on the current situation and problems of China's population economy,this paper believes that China needs to further improve the relevant institutional mechanisms from the four aspects of fertility system,economic development mode,labor resource allocation and social security,in order to cope with the upcoming aging population.