现象学视域下的“西田哲学”——《善的研究》中的“纯粹经验”与“意识的立场”

Study on Nishida's Philosophy from the Perspective of Phenomenology——“Pure Experience” and “Position of Consciousness” in An Inquiry into the Good

本文通过现象学的视域,考察《善的研究》内在机理及其与现象学的精神联系,以深化理解"西田哲学"。在《善的研究》中,西田主张"按照事实来感知",体现了"回到事实本身"的现象学态度;像胡塞尔一样,西田也强调排除外在的因素,回到纯粹思维之中,"纯粹经验"正是现象学还原的结果;胡塞尔对于"心理学的偶然性"的现象学批判,促使西田对"心理主义"和"意识的立场"进行了"反省",推动了以"场所"为中介,向"逻辑性"哲学体系的转化。

In order to deepen the understanding of Nishida philosophy.This paper examines the internal mechanism of An Inquiry into the Good and its spiritual connection with phenomenology through the perspective of phenomenology.In An Inquiry into the Good,Nishida advocates to“perceive according to the facts”and embodies the phenomenological attitude of“coming back the thing that is to be”;like Husserl,Nishida also emphasizes the exclusion of external factors and returns to pure thinking.“Pure experience”is the result of phenomenological reduction;Husserl’s phenomenological critique of“the contingency of psychology”prompted Nishida to“reflect”on“psychologism”and“a position of will”,and to transform the intermediary“basho”into a“logical”philosophical system.