施肥处理对不同抗性品种香蕉枯萎病的防控效果

The effect of an invasive Fusarium disease on different banana varieties under various fertilization treatments

【目的】随着香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种热带型(简称Foc TR4))在云南的入侵、传播和蔓延,对云南的香蕉产业产生严重的威胁。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析蕉园定植香蕉后7个月内的土壤中枯萎病病原菌TR4含量动态变化,明确不同香蕉品种的大田抗性表现以及不同肥料的防控效果,为枯萎病的防控提供技术参考。【方法】选用巴西蕉、桂蕉1号、南天黄和自主选育的云蕉1号为供试品种开展田间试验,设置虾肽有机肥+虾肽特护+虾肽果叶康(简称:虾肽有机肥处理)、常规有机肥+微生物制剂(简称:微生物处理)和常规有机肥(简称:对照)3个处理,调查4个品种在4个时间段的枯萎病发病率和3种肥料的防治效果。【结果】在月平均枯萎病病原菌TR4含量均超过2000拷贝的土壤条件下,4个品种的发病率在3个施肥处理中均表现出差异性,南天黄、云蕉1号的发病率与其他2个主栽感病品种的发病率差异达显著水平;3种施肥处理间的发病率达显著差异,发病率从高到低表现为对照>虾肽有机肥处理>微生物处理。【结论】施用微生物制剂对降低枯萎病发病率起一定的作用。南天黄的抗病性较强,云蕉1号也表现出较强的抗性,但还有待进一步改良和提高抗性。

【Aim】 The invasion, expansion and spread of banana wilt disease ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 ( Foc TR4)) in Yunnan province have led to serious threats to the stable banana industry and local farmer income. By analyzing the occurrence status of banana wilt disease in a seriously infected banana plantation, the prevention and control effects of different banana varieties and fertilization treatments on Fusarium wilt were identified, which provided a technical guideline for the prevention and control of this invasive disease.【Method】 Field trials were set up using three treatments:shrimp peptide organic fertilizer + shrimp peptide special protection + shrimp peptide fruit Yekang (simplified as shrimp peptide organic fertilizer treatment), conventional organic fertilizer + microbial preparations (simplified as microbial treatment), and conventional organic fertilizer (simplified as control). Four different banana varieties of Brazilian, Guijiao No. 1, Nantianhuang, and Yunjiao No. 1 were evaluated for its resistance to TR4 in above three treatments. The disease incidence of TR4 in different fertilizer treatments and applied varieties was determined in four time periods during banana growth. The rhizosphere soil form the banana plantation was sampled for determination of pathogen content. The pathogen content in the soil was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.【Result】 The disease incidence of the four tested varieties in the three treatments varied. The disease incidence of Nantianhuang and Yunjiao No.1 was significantly lower than that of other two varieties. There was also a significant difference in disease incidence of the three treatments. The disease incidence from high to low was control > shrimp peptide organic fertilizer treatment > microbial treatment. The results indicated microbial agents could reduce the disease incidence of Fusarium wilt to certain content. The average monthly TR4 pathogen content in heavily infected banana plantation was more than 2000 copies;while the highest one reached 15148.9 copies.【Conclusion】 Nantianhuang and Yunjiao No. 1 showed the highest disease resistance in field compared the two other varieties. However, further improvement of their resistance is needed before practical application is feasible.