铁路客站广场微气候优化方法研究——基于疏散安全和热舒适兼顾的设计探索

Methods on Railway Station Square Micro-climate Optimization——Exploring the Design through the Balance between Evacuation Safety and Thermal Comfort

植物、水体等景观要素的置入可改善铁路客站广场微气候,但可能会影响广场的疏散能力,造成安全隐患。辨析了当前站前微气候优化与安全疏散的关系,基于人群疏散密度对微气候优化范围进行界定,提出兼顾疏散安全性和热舒适性的站前广场微气候优化方法。研究结果表明:1)高峰时段人群疏散模拟可用于划定适宜进行微气候优化的区域,在微气候优化域内进行微气候适应性设计改造不会降低广场整体疏散能力;2)绿化面积比例低,模拟高密度拥堵区面积少的Ⅰ类广场更适宜进行微气候优化以改善热舒适性;3)微气候优化设计应综合考虑降温景观要素、绿地布局、人群活动特征等多方面因素,以有效热舒适改善面积而非整体降温面积为改善目标,从而提升站前广场活动体验,促进站前广场向兼休闲、景观、防灾功能的城市广场转变。

The implantation of landscape elements such as plants and water can improve the micro-climate of railway station square, but meanwhile it may affect the evacuation performance of the square and cause potential risks. In this paper, the relationship between micro-climate thermal comfort and safe evacuation performance in railway station square has been analyzed. The micro-climate optimization area based on population evacuation density is used to make the micro-climate improvement method which balances evacuation safety and thermal comfort. The results show that: 1) evacuation simulation can be used to delimit the micro-climate optimization area, and microclimate adaptive design within micro-climate optimization area can maintain the evacuation performance of the square;2) TypeⅠsquare with less congestion area and low green density can implement micro-climate optimization project to improve thermal comfort;3) Micro-climate optimization project should consider various factors such as cooling landscape elements, green space layout, people behaviors and other factors to improve thermal comfort, and meanwhile the effective cooling space area should replace the integrated space area to judge the quality of the optimization project. It can enhance the vitality of railway station square and turn the square to a comprehensive city square that combines leisure functions, landscape features and disaster prevention capabilities.