论保护人道主义救援人员的国际法规范的有效性

Effectiveness of the International Law Norms Protecting Humanitarian Aid Personnel

尽管受到国际法的保护,人道主义救援人员遭到攻击的事件在当代的武装冲突中仍频繁发生。文章梳理了保护人道主义救援人员的现有国际法规范,指出国际法为救援人员提供了一般性和特殊性两个层面的保护,且不同种类的救援人员所适用的法律框架是有所差异的。但是目前保护人道主义救援人员的国际法规范存在三个问题:其一,对不同种类的平民人道主义救援人员的保护不平等;其二,在攻击人道主义救援人员事件多发的国家,有关条约往往不适用;最后,这些规范总体而言缺乏威慑力,反过来诱发了更多对人道主义救援人员肆无忌惮的攻击。因此,国际社会应对这一困境应主要着眼于推动条约签署与法律改革以及采取有效的法律实施措施。

Despite the protection offered by international law, incidents of attacking humanitarian aid personnel occur frequently during the course of contemporary armed conflicts. This article first summarizes the current international law norms protecting humanitarian aid personnel, indicating that international law provides aid personnel with a two-tier protection with generality and speciality, and that there are different applicable legal frameworks to different types of aid personnel. This article argues that three problems exist in the current international law norms protecting humanitarian aid personnel: first, different types of aid personnel enjoy unequal protective strength;second, in the countries where incidents of attacking aid personnel occur most frequently, relevant treaties are often inapplicable;last, these norms lack overall deterrence, which in turn induces more unscrupulous attacks targeting aid personnel. Accordingly, in response to this predicament, attention of international community shall be paid to the promotion of ratification of treaties and legal reform as well as the adoption of effective law implementation measures.