皖北地区非物质文化遗产传承人现状调查与保护机制研究——以阜阳市为例

On Investigation and Protection Mechanism of Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors in Northern Anhui Province

当前皖北非遗传承人保护工作存在传承模式单一,非遗传承人思想较为保守、缺乏创新性,非遗传承人青黄不接,非遗项目及传承人数分布不均,对传承人的培训有"同质化"倾向,对传承人的学术研究意识不强、存在对传承人个人生命史研究不足等方面问题。对于非遗传承人的保护工作需要政府、社会、企业、个人等各方面的合力支持。政府应加强非遗相关政策制度的制定、施行与监督,增加政府补助扶持,构建完善的传承人认定机制,保护非物质文化遗产传承发展的文化生态环境;企业应加强非遗项目的生产性保护,聘请非遗传承人,实现"双赢";非遗传承人个人应加强自身理论与业务学习,增强文化自觉与文化自信,加强自身创新能力培养,实现非遗艺术品创造性转化。

At present, the protection in Northern Anhui is on a steady progress. Intangible cultural heritage inheritors have been identified at national, provincial, municipal and county levels. These inheritors have made great contributions to the protection, inheritance and rescue of intangible cultural heritage. But there are still hidden worries behind the prosperity. They are mainly embodied in the following aspects: the inheritance model of a single, conservative mind and lack of innovation among inheritors, uneven distribution of inheritors. The training for inheritors has the tendency of "homogenization";the academic research on the inheritance of human consciousness is not strong, and the personal life study of inheritors is insufficient. For the protection of inheritors, the government, society, enterprises and individuals should support each other. The government can strengthen the formulation, implementation and supervision of policies related to intangible cultural heritage, increase the government subsidies, build a perfect mechanism for the identification of the inheritor, and protect the cultural and ecological environment of the inheritance and development of the intangible cultural heritage. Enterprises can strengthen the productive protection of intangible heritage projects, engage intangible cultural heritage inheritors, and achieve "win-win" success. The individual inheritors should also strengthen their own theoretical and professional learning, strengthen cultural self-consciousness and cultural confidence, strengthen their own innovative ability and realize the creative transformation of intangible cultural artifacts.