抗战时期民族英雄的建构与诠释

The Construction and Interpretation of National Heroes during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期民族英雄建构的主体既有政府机关团体,也有知识分子,他们或编发民族英雄故事集,或撰写民族英雄著述。该时期建构出的民族英雄包括抵御外族入侵、开疆拓土、宣扬国威的中国古代英雄人物。随着民族危机的深化,人们也以各种方式和途经将反抗日本侵略的抗战将士、知识分子、普通民众纳入民族英雄行列。该时期民族英雄囊括了历史上的英雄人物与现实中的抗战英雄,民族英雄内涵空前发展和扩大。并且,该时期民族英雄的诠释手段呈多元化,包括传记与学术专著等文本话语,诗歌、漫画、戏剧、电影等艺术作品,以及墓地遗迹、诞辰活动等纪念空间。

During the Anti-Japanese War, the main body of the construction of national hero’s included both government agencies and intellectuals. They either compiled a collection of national hero stories or wrote national heroic writings. In this period, there are many national heroes whose figures were constructed, including ancient Chinese heroes who resisted the invasion of foreigners, opened up the territory, and promoted the national prestige. With the aggravation of the national crisis, people put anti-war soldiers, intellectuals and ordinary people who revolted against Japanese aggression in various ways into the rank of national heroes. During this period, the national heroes consisted of the national heroes in history and the anti-war heroes in reality, and the connotation of national heroes was unprecedentedly developed and expanded. Moreover, the interpretation methods of national heroes were diversified, including textual discourses such as biography and academic monographs, works of art such as poetry, comics, drama, and movies, as well as commemorative spaces such as ruins and birthdays.