2D MoS_2/高分子纳米复合材料的研究进展

Overview on Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide/Polymer Nanocomposites

二维二硫化钼(2D MoS_2)是石墨烯之后研究最热的二维材料之一,具有石墨烯类二维材料优异的力学性质和独特的带隙、催化特性,是高分子基纳米复合材料研究的热门材料之一。文中简介了2D MoS_2的微观结构、宏观特性;梳理了2D MoS_2/高分子纳米复合材料成型制备方法,主要有熔融共混、溶液共混和原位聚合3种,而原位聚合可以更好地保持2D MoS_2在高分子基体中的分散性;总结了2D MoS_2对高分子基体的改性效果,可以显著改进高分子材料的力学、耐热、阻燃、导电和介电等诸多性能,表明2D MoS_2是一种高效的综合改性剂;分析了2D MoS_2/高分子纳米复合材料在传感、监测、分离、环保、能源、健康医用等许多领域的应用;总结、展望了研发该复合材料的挑战与发展方向。

2D MoS2 is one of the most intensely studied 2D materials. The material holds mechanical properties of 2D materials and unique bandgap, catalysis performance, consequently the material has attracted wide attention from research community toward polymeric materials. Firstly, the structures and performance of 2D MoS2 were simply introduced. Then the preparation methods of 2D MoS2/polymer nanocomposites were reviewed. It is found that melt mixing, solution blending and in-situ polymerization all could be used to produce the nanocomposites, however, in-situ polymerization could realize better dispersity for 2D MoS2 in polymeric matrix. Thirdly, improvement of 2D MoS2 toward performance of polymers was presented. It is found that 2D MoS2 could enhance mechanical, heat resistance, flame retardancy, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties, proving that 2D MoS2 is an excellent comprehensive additive for polymeric materials. Fourthly, the application of 2D MoS2/polymer nanocomposites in sensing, detection, separation, environmental protection, energy and medicine health were reported. Finally, the future challenges on 2D MoS2/polymer nanocomposites were summarized.