黄河山东段水体重金属特征及生态风险评价

Contents and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shandong Section of the Yellow River

以黄河山东河段为研究区域,分析了泺口和利津两断面水体及悬移质中重金属的含量,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法综合评价了悬移质中重金属的污染程度和生态风险。黄河山东段水体中重金属基本无污染,悬移质中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As含量均高于山东省土壤背景值,其中Hg超出背景值最多。地累积指数法研究表明:黄河山东段重金属为无污染到重污染,单个污染物污染程度为Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>As。潜在生态危害指数法研究表明:泺口和利津两断面均具有很高潜在生态风险,单个污染物潜在生态风险指数为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu。两种方法评价结果基本一致,Hg是黄河山东段最主要的污染因子和潜在生态风险因子。

The Shandong section of the Yellow River was measured as the research area in this study. The concentrations of heavy metals in water and suspended sediment were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution and the potential ecological risk in suspended sediment were estimated by using geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The analyzed results indicate that heavy metals are basically free of pollution in waters. The concentrations of each heavy metal in suspended sediment are higher than the background values of soils in Shandong Province. And the metal of Hg is the most exceed among the studied metals. The results by geo-accumulation index method indicate that the suspended sediment is in the state of no-pollution to heavy pollution. The order of pollution extents of five typical pollutants of Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>As. The results of potential ecological risk index method indicate that there is a high potential ecological risk of the two sections. The order of potential ecological risk parameter is Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu. The evaluation results of the two methods are almost identical. Element Hg is the major factor of the pollution factors and the potential ecological risks in the Shandong section of the Yellow River.