庐山第四纪冰川遗迹的观察与思考

Observation and consideration of the vestiges of Quaternary glacier on Lushan Mountain

在前人研究和笔者长期地质观察的基础上,针对庐山跨世纪的第四纪冰川之争,介绍了庐山白垩纪以来由S形复背斜-地垒式断块山-变质核杂岩的成山过程、地层岩石分布状况及第四纪冰期时的山体地质结构与地貌;就庐山地区冰蚀地貌与冰期、间冰期沉积物争议问题介绍了观察结果与认识。通过更新世冰期与全新世亚热带湿润多雨气候形成的地貌与沉积物对比,揭示了二者的显著差异及泥石流与冰碛的不同;阐明了冰期后流水作用对冰蚀地形的强烈改造作用,以及庐山典型的冰蚀与水蚀复合地貌景观。最后指出,庐山第四纪山岳冰川的形成与其独特的地垒式断块山构造地貌、特凉的小气候等条件密切相关,特厚特硬的莲沱组砂岩是冰川遗迹保存的重要条件。因此,庐山成为中国第四纪冰川地质学的奠基之地和世界上中低纬度、中低山第四纪山岳冰川遗迹保存完美的唯一的地方。

On the basis of research results,geological survey in Jiangxi Province and the authors’long-term geological observation and in view of the trans-century controversy of the Lushan Quaternary glacier,this paper deals with the mountain-building processes from S-type anticlinorium through horst block mountain to metamorphic core complexes,the outcrop condition of stratigraphic rock,and the mountain outline during the Quaternary glacier since the Cretaceous period.In addition,it gives the observation results and ideas concerning the disputed problems on the glaciated landform,glacier period and interglacier sedimentation.In comparison with the landform and sedimentation formed as a result of Pleistocene glaciation and Helocene subtropical moist and rainy climate,it reveals the significant differences between them and the differences between debris flow and glacier drift,and clarifies the flowing water influence on the glaciated landform and the typical glaciated and composite equeolandform.Finally,it indicates that the formation and remains of Lushan Quaternary alpine glacier are closely associated with the unique horst block mountain tectonic landform,the coolest microclimate and the thickest and hardest sandstone in Liantuo Formation,thus laying a foundation of the Quaternary glacial geology in China,and holding the unique well-preserved Quaternary alpine glacier vestiges in the mid-low latitude and mid-low mountains in the world.