论产品警示缺陷的认定标准

Research on the Identification Standard of Product Warning Defects

目前,关于产品警示缺陷的认定主要有两个标准,一是看是否符合法定标准(包括国家标准和行业标准),二是看有没有不合理危险。但在司法实践中,各法院认定不一。域外国家已经发展出三种认定模式:消费者期待标准模式、风险效益标准模式、综合运用模式。在这三种模式中,消费者期待标准既有利于把握不合理危险,也有利于维护法官的自由裁量权,所以应以消费者期待标准为主,法定标准为辅,综合考量警示的内容、对象、方式等,来认定产品警示缺陷。

At present, there are two main standards for the identification of product warning defects. One is to see whether it meets the legal standards(including national standards and industry standards), and the other is to see whether there is unreasonable danger. However, in judicial practice, the courts have different opinions. Foreign countries have developed three identification models: consumer expectation standard model, risk-benefit standard model and comprehensive application model. In these three modes, consumer expectation standard is not only conducive to grasp unreasonable risks, but also conducive to safeguarding the discretion of judges. Therefore, consumer expectation standard should be given priority to, supplemented by statutory standards, and the content, object and mode of warning should be considered comprehensively to identify product warning defects.