基于环境逸度模型的化学物质暴露与风险评估研究进展

The Evolution of Environmental Fugacity Models on Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment

工业化学品通过各种迁移转化过程后在环境区间中广泛分布,同时新化学品正被大量的生产并进入环境,使得对于化学品管控的需求和压力不断增加。基于这一背景,多国政府颁布了相应的政策法规对化学品进行管控。除了用相应的政策法规进行预先管控之外,使用基于逸度概念的多介质环境模型来表征化学品的行为与归趋是一个相对简单而有效的方法,不仅适用于环境中存在的现有化学品的暴露评估,也成为各国化学品管理中对新化学品的环境暴露进行预测的有力工具。本文综述逸度概念与方法、相关环境模型、建模过程、应用验证等方面的国内外研究进展,希望能够对我国化学品环境暴露评估与风险评估的模型构建、优化与方法应用提供信息和借鉴。

Industrial chemicals are widely distributed in environmental compartments through various transportation and transformation processes. Governments have promulgated corresponding policies and regulations to control chemicals. In addition to the corresponding pre-regulatory means,an effective approach using fugacity-based models was applied to describe multimedia environmental distribution and fate of chemicals,and subsequently to incorporate toxicity information to assess the likelihood of risk,which can help the most regulatory effort to be focused on those chemicals that pose the highest risk to health or the environment. This article reviewed the evolution of fugacity concept and method,fugacity-based environmental models,modeling simulation process,as well as application verification. We hope to provide necessary information for researchers to better understand the benefit and challenge of environmental fugacity models,to develop more vigorous and effective measures for chemical exposure and risk assessment in China.