基于生物光谱技术的污染物毒性效应研究进展

Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Pollutants Based on Spectrum Technology

生物光谱技术能够有效反映生物、组织以及细胞等样本中生物化学的综合信息,能够精确检测和评价生物分子成分或构象的微观变化,具有快速、客观、无损、重现性好等优点。本文系统综述了生物光谱技术在环境污染物毒性效应研究方面的进展,其中常用的2种技术是红外光谱和拉曼光谱技术。红外光谱技术目前已被广泛用于单一污染物(重金属、有机污染物、纳米材料等)以及复合污染对细胞、植物、动物以及微生物的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂质、DNA/RNA、多糖以及碳水化合物等方面的影响研究之中;拉曼光谱技术包括常规拉曼技术和表面增强拉曼光谱技术,二者均可以用于污染物的毒性效应研究之中,表面增强拉曼光谱技术具有信噪比高、检测限低、灵敏度高等特点,并提供丰富的细胞生物化学指纹图谱信息。数据处理是生物光谱技术应用的重要一环,光谱数据分析大致分为光谱数据预处理、提取光谱信息特征、以及信息分类和光谱特征峰解析3个部分。本研究结果将为进一步系统地开展生物光谱技术在污染物毒性效应方面的研究提供支持。

Biospectroscopy has the ability to investigate the biochemical information in biological samples including cells and tissues. It can be used as a rapid,noninvasive and reliable technique to detect subtle alteration in bio-molecular constituent and structure. This paper has reviewed the applications of biospectroscopy in toxicological research of environmental pollution. Usually,Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy have been already employed in biospectroscopic study. As known,IR spectroscopy technique has been used in toxicity assessment of single or binary pollution compounds exposures in cells,plants,animals and even bacteria,while Raman Spectroscopy including Surface-enhanced Raman has been used in toxicity test as well. SERS with advantages as low limit of detection,high signal to noise ratio and high sensitivity,can provide biochemical information in biological samples. In biospectroscopic study,data analysis is an important part,which can help us get the useful information from the spectra collected from samples. This work will give a general and systematic view for the biospectroscopic application in research of environmental pollution toxicity.