知识交流合作的空间溢出与邻近效应——来自长三角城市群的经验证据

Spatial Spillover and Proximity Effect of Knowledge Exchange and Cooperation:Empirical Evidence from Urban Agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta

城市间的知识交流合作是一种互动行为,研究其空间分异模式、互动机理对建设创新型城市与创新型国家具有重要意义。利用长三角25个城市间历年论文合作发表数据,分析知识交流合作的空间分布模式与特征,基于多维邻近视角构建城市知识交流合作的空间互动模型,利用空间计量经济方法进行模型估计,探讨知识交流合作过程中的溢出效应与邻近效应。研究发现:知识交流的强度与合作成果集中在主要的合作渠道上,集聚现象明显,呈现出不均衡分布;城市间知识交流合作关系对与之邻近的城市产生了正的外部性,是空间溢出效应的主要体现,且要高于地理相邻下的溢出效应;城市经济规模差异、地理邻近与制度邻近作用的双重叠加等因素是导致城市知识交流合作渠道集聚与网络式溢出的重要原因。地理距离在知识交流合作过程中的阻碍作用明显,一定范围内的科教投资差距并不利于城市间的知识交流合作,产业距离无显著影响,跨级别城市间的知识交流合作效益则较低。

The knowledge exchange and cooperation between cities are interactive behaviors,and their pattern of spatial differentiated characteristic and influencing factors have an important impact on the building of innovative city and country.This paper uses the data of the jointly-published paper of the cities over the years in the Yangtze River Delta,analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics and model,building the spatial interaction model of cities’communications based on the multi-dimensional proximity,and estimating it via spatial econometrics.Major findings show that the behavior of knowledge interaction focuses on the major channels,so the characteristic of clustering is obvious.The knowledge interaction makes effect on other cities’behaviors,and spatial spillover effects are significant.The gap between economy scale of different cities,together with geography and institution proximity,results in the linear clustering and network spillover effects.In the process of cities’interaction,geography distance is an obstacle,while certain distance of scientific and education investment is not profitable and the differences of industrial structure have no impact.The profit of cross-rank interaction is rather low.