流动人口(再)市民化:理论、现实与反思

Citizenization of Migrants:Theory,Reality and Reflection

在人口地域大流动时代,户籍类型和户籍地点的双重区隔,使得乡—城流动人口和城—城流动人口在流入地分别面临市民化和再市民化的挑战。以公民资格、社会质量和现代性理论为引领,以居住证制度为抓手,利用具有时效性和全国代表性的大规模调查数据,从身份资质、市民权利、行为模式和价值取向等方面,探求市民化的现实困厄。结果发现,无论是制度层面,还是行为和价值层面,市民化都面临较大困境。推进以人为本的新型城镇化,必须处理好居住证的福利覆盖与户籍排他性的关系,因地制宜完善市民化相关政策但又不排斥"低端"外来人口,政府、社会、市场、个体共同发力,才能更有效地推进流动人口市民化和"以人为本"的新型城镇化进程。

There is great heterogeneity within the migrant population,with some from the countryside,while others from urban areas.The"double dual"property of household registration system(i.e.,types and locations of hukou)necessitates the citizenization and re-citizenization of migrants at the place of destination.Drawing on the theories of citizenship,social quality and modernity,and utilizing large-scale and national representative survey data with timeliness,this paper explores the real dilemma of citizenization,measured by identity of citizenship,citizen rights,behavior patterns and value orientation by taking on the residence permit system as an example.Analytical results show that migrants face various difficulties in terms of institutions,behavior and value orientation.To promote people-oriented new-type of Urbanization,it is necessary to expand the scope of welfare and rights of residence permits,improve the relevant policies of citizenization based on local conditions while not discriminating the so-called"low-end"migrants,and strengthen the interaction between local residents and migrants by building a dialogue platform of citizenization,so as to effectively promote the process of people-oriented citizenization.