马克思古典政治经济学批判的价值形式视角

Marx's Value-Form Perspective on the Criticism of Classical Political Economics

马克思对于古典政治经济学并非简单的继承,更包含着严格的批判。这种批判关系并未得到我们充分重视,更缺乏一个明晰的视角予以澄清。阿尔都塞明确区分了《资本论》与古典政治经济学在对象结构上的不同,不过由于其理论自身的反黑格尔倾向而错失了价值形式视角的解读。随后兴起的"新马克思阅读"学派则实质性地揭示出价值形式理论对于批判古典政治经济学的重要意义,特别是对于价值理论的实体主义解读模式的批判。正是马克思在《资本论》中对价值形式理论的开创性阐发,才使其占据了批判古典政治经济学的制高点并与之有了本质差别。但国外价值形式理论研究的问题与局限是:对价值形式理论的挖掘和运用停留于"形式"层面,并且过于关注《资本论》与黑格尔的《逻辑学》的对应关系,最终抛弃了马克思价值论中的唯物史观基础。

Marx’s inheritance of classical political economics is by no means a simple acceptance,but contains strict criticism.This critical relationship has not been fully appreciated and lacks a clear perspective of clarification.The increasing number of theoretical study of value form overseas sheds lights for us to draw the boundary between the two.The rediscovery of the"value form"in the first edition of Marx’s Capital also provides more evidence for the interpretation of Marx’s theory of value form.The neglect of value form of classical political economics makes it fail to grasp the concept of value,and fail to understand the dimension of social relations embodied in the concept of value.It is the value form that reaches the theoretical height of Marx’s critique of classical political economics.But the form of value theory can not only stay in the"form"level,or only to be compared with Hegel’s philosophy,but it should be also interpreted in the context of historical materialism so as to avoid the limitations of research overseas.