社会平等:内部构成、复杂性及其实现方式

Social Equality:Internal Composition,Complexity and Way of Realization

社会平等处于经济平等和政治平等之间,是人们在争取、获得和享用地位、身份、机会和运气的过程中形成的算数比例关系和几何比例关系;经济平等虽然是平等的末端形式,但它可以上溯到社会平等之中,经济地位的差异、占有社会财富的多少都会回游到社会中来;政治地位、政治权利的分配也会下移到社会平等中,甚至可以说,社会平等中的很多形式就是政治平等的社会形态。最大限度地实现社会平等,乃是社会主义制度的终极价值目标之一,然而在社会转型中,社会平等却充满着矛盾、冲突与张力,可谓问题多多,困难重重。其根源一部分在于传统文化中的劣根性要素,一部分在于新型的活动结构、关系结构和利益结构。最大限度地实现社会主义的社会平等,取决于两个关键要素,即人的要素,只有成为公正的旁观者、正确的思考者和正当的行动者,才会具备实现社会平等的主体性资源;制度的要素,只有建构并践行进取性与协调性、激励性与约束性的政策、制度、体制,才会具备实现社会平等的客体性条件。

Social equality exists between economic equality and political equality, which all together compose an equality system in human practice. It is an arithmetic and geometric proportional relation in the process of social positions, identities and opportunities being chased and gained. Although economic equality is at the bottom of the system mentioned, it can ascend and penetrate into social equality which means the differences in economic status and occupancy of social wealth will all end up coming back to the society. For the same reason, the distribution of political status and rights will also move downward into social equality and moreover, many of those forms in social equality are the social formation of political equality. Being one of the ultimate goals of the socialist system, maximizing social equality is still a task full of contradictions, conflicts and tensions during social transformation. One of the core reasons for this is the inferiority existing in traditional culture, and another reason lies in new activity structure, relational structure and interest structure. To maximize social equality counts on two essential elements, namely characteristics of human being and system, in which human being means people have to look impartially, think rationally and act legitimately to be the subjective resources and system means to construct and practice policies and systems that are progressive and incentive, well-balanced and restrictive to be the objective conditions.