特定条件下农业灌溉用水对地下水水量与水质的影响研究

Effects of agricultural irrigation on groundwater quantity and quality under specific conditions

为进一步明确人类社会在发展过程中特定区域农业灌溉水量、地下水位与水质的和谐关系,遏制生态环境恶化、土壤盐渍化等一系列问题,以克拉玛依农业综合开发区为典型研究区,充分借助现有地下水位、水质监测数据及农业灌溉用水数据等,采用相关分析法、统计分析法开展了特定条件下农业灌溉用水对地下水水量与水质影响的研究。通过分析可知:(1)研究区地下水位在1997～2013年间呈持续上升趋势,共上升了6. 85m,年均上升幅度为0. 53m;以2001～2006年间上升最快,上升了4. 87m,并以2006年最突出,一年内就上升了1. 61m;(2)农业灌溉对所在区域地下水位的抬升产生了一定影响,农业灌溉区域内外地下水位相差1. 22～1. 35m;(3)农业灌溉定额越大,地下水位持续上升越明显,研究区合理的控灌水量为7300×104m^3;(4)过多的农业灌溉水量引起了地下水位的过快上升,使矿化度呈下降趋势、p H值呈增大趋势,加剧了土壤盐渍化的可能性,需引起一定的关注。

In order to further clarify the harmonious relationship between the agricultural irrigation volumes,groundwater level and water quality in the human society development process,and curb a series of issues,such as the deterioration of the ecological environment,soil salinization,Karamay agricultural comprehensive development zone was taken as the research area,the existing groundwater level,water quality monitoring data and agricultural irrigation water data and so on were fully used to explore the effects of agricultural irrigation water on groundwater quantity and quality under specific conditions with correlation analysis and statistical analysis method.It was found that(1)the groundwater level showed a continuous upward trend in the study area from 1997 to2013,a total increase of 6.85 meters,an average annual increase of 0.53 meters.The fastest increase time appeared in 2001-2006;the water level rose by 4.87 m.(2)The agricultural irrigation had a certain impact on the elevation of groundwater level in the region,and the difference of groundwater level inside and outside the agricultural irrigation area was 1.22~1.35 m.(3)The larger the agricultural irrigation quota,the more obvious the rise of groundwater level,and the reasonable controlled irrigation volume in the study area was 7300×10^4 m^3.(4)Excessive irrigation water volume caused an excessive rise of the groundwater level,resulting in a downward trend of mineralization,and the pH value showed an increasing trend,and the possibility of soil salinization had been strengthened and it needs to draw some attention.