当代有机哲学的价值危机与价值重估

The Value Crisis and Value Revaluation of the Contemporary Organic Philosophy

在当代,由于环境问题的严峻性,以怀特海、小约翰·柯布等为代表的哲学家所主张的有机哲学受到学术界的追捧。流行的看法认为,造成当代环境问题的根源在于人类中心主义的"认识论谬误",忽视了人类对于自然环境的依存性。有机哲学从整体主义视角阐明了人类对自然环境的依存性,强调尊重自然、顺应自然,在一定程度上消解了人类的主体性,是解决当代环境问题乃至生态危机的良方。然而,令人困惑的是,人类对于自然环境的认识论谬误虽已得到澄清,但人类面临的环境问题乃至生态危机依然严峻,这在相当程度上导致了当代有机哲学的价值危机。当代有机哲学之所以陷入困境,一方面源于学术界对有机哲学的内涵与特征的误解,混淆了有机哲学与环境哲学的内涵与学科边界,另一方面源于学术界低估了当代生态环境问题的复杂性与艰巨性,不自觉夸大了有机哲学的生态价值功能。

In the contemporary era, due to the severity of environmental problems, the organic philosophy,represented by Whitehead, and John B. Cobb, Jr., is sought after by the academic community. The prevailing view believes that the cause of the contemporary environmental problems lies in anthropocentric epistemological fallacy, neglecting human’s dependence on the natural environment. The organic philosophy elucidates the dependence of human on the natural environment from the perspective of holism,emphasizing respecting nature and conforming to nature, which, to a certain extent, dispels the subjectivity of human. It is a good way to solve contemporary environmental problems and even the ecologicalcrisis. However, what is perplexing is that although the epistemological fallacies of the human environment have been clarified, the environmental problems and even the ecological crisis that humanity isfacing are still severe, which, to some extent, leads to the value crisis of the contemporary organic phi-losophy. Careful study shows the reasons why contemporary organic philosophy: On the one hand, themisunderstanding of the connotations and characteristics of the organic philosophy in the academic com-munity confuses the connotations and disciplinary boundaries of the organic philosophy and the environ-mental philosophy, and on the other hand, the academic community underestimate the complexity andseverity of the contemporary ecological problems, and unconsciously exaggerate the ecological valuefunction of organic philosophy. Therefore, it is necessary for us to clarify the fallacies, reasonably assessthe theoretical value of organic philosophy.