论流域生态补偿法律关系主体的完善——从政府管理到多元化治理

Research on the Subject of Legal Relationship of Ecological Compensation of River Basin——From Government Management to Diversified Governance

流域生态补偿法律关系是为了平衡流域范围内不同地区经济发展和环境保护利益,其主体包括受益者和保护者,具体可以表现为个人、集体、企业、政府、其他组织等多种形式,流域生态环境的受益者有义务向流域生态环境的保护者支付补偿费用。传统的"政府管理型"生态补偿模式具有其合理性,但也存在诸多弊端。我们正处于生态文明转型时期,构建流域生态补偿法律制度,应设立一个开放型的主体体系,积极引导各方主体参与到流域生态补偿中,构建多元化的流域生态补偿法律制度。

The legal relationship of watershed ecological compensation is to balance the economic development and environmental protection interests of different regions within the basin.The main body includes beneficiaries and protectors,which can be embodied in various forms such as individuals,collectives,enterprises,governments,and other organizations.The beneficiaries of the environment are obliged to pay compensation fees to the protectors of the basin ecological environment.The traditional“government-managed”ecological compensation model has its rationality,but it also has many drawbacks.We are in the transition period of ecological civilization and construct a legal system for ecological compensation of river basins.We should establish an open-ended main body system,actively guide all parties to participate in the ecological compensation of river basins,and construct a diversified legal system for ecological compensation of river basins.