文化赋形与意义阐释——以王亨统编撰新式教科书为中心

Cultural Formation and Meaning Interpretation ——Based on the Analysis of the Modern Textbooks Compiled by Wang Hengtong

教科书编撰是一项社会文化活动,教科书名称与类别、语言与文字、形式与体例等体现了编撰者的知识选择及文化赋形。王亨统从1893年开始编撰教会学校新式教科书,经学务处审定为新式学堂教学用书。王亨统以其对不同文化的体悟,在新式教科书中进行生命场域赋形、语言文字赋形、身份建构赋形,阐释了他对人的本体力量的关注以及对富强中国的汲汲以求。具体表现为新式教科书以"地理"为始业,从空间认知上消解中国传统天下观,确立世界万国观;以"直观"为辅助,从符号上强化感性的厚重与灵性的升华,以获得进步之阶梯。以"训蒙"为担当,从主体上以求中国富强立基,文明启达。教科书的文化赋形是"内在的外化",贯穿着教育启蒙诉求,引领人的智识水平"自在"与"兴现";受制约于教学心理制约,呈现教学过程"规范"与"层递";彰显主体性智慧,蕴含编撰者"惯习"与"场域"。

Textbook compilation is a kind of social and cultural activity. Its name and category,language and characters,form and style all reflect the compiler’ s choice of knowledge and cultural formation. Since 1893,Wang Hengtong has compiled modern textbooks for church schools with his own strength,which have been approved by the Academic Affairs Department as teaching materials for new schools and have exerted great influence. With his unique understanding of educational enlightenment,he carries out life field,language and character,and identity construction in modern textbooks. Specifically,the modern textbooks take "geography"as the beginning,digest the Chinese traditional worldview from space cognition,and establish the worldview of nations. With "intuition"as the auxiliary,he tried to strengthen the emotional weight and spiritual sublimation from the symbol,in order to obtain the ladder of progress. Taking the "training"as the responsibility,we will build China’ s prosperity,strength and civilization from the main body. The cultural formation of textbooks is a kind of "internal externalization",in which the enlightenment appeal of education runs through,leading people’ s intellectual level to "freedom"and "emerging". Constrained by teaching psychology,it shows the "norms"and "succession"of teaching process. And it also highlights the wisdom of the subjectivity,containing the compiler’ s "habits"and "field". With his understanding of different culture,Wang Hengtong expounded his concern for the power of human beings and aspiration for a prosperous and powerful China through his compilation of modern textbooks.