宋代雅乐复兴与郊庙朝会乐歌制作

The Revival of Ceremonial Classic Music and Production of Royal Ceremonial Music Bureau Poems in Song Dynasty

魏晋以下,中原雅乐不断受到胡乐、俗乐等冲击,至晚唐五代,遂成礼坏乐崩之况。宋人梳理三代以下的雅乐发展,对雅俗混淆、制度有失、音律不谐等弊病进行反思,并进而推崇以《诗经》作为雅音代表的周文传统,在此基础上重建郊庙朝会雅乐制度,以实现崇尚文治,歌颂升平的政治目的。两宋历史上多次制定大乐,于礼制、律准、制乐、制辞等方面均有所完善与开拓。在雅乐实践中,宋人全面修订礼乐制度,细化仪式用乐,在多次校定律准的基础上制作本朝新乐,进而完善雅乐体系,使得其郊庙朝会乐歌制作实现了礼、乐、文的真正合一。

Following Wei and Jin Dynasties,the ceremonial classic music in the Central Plains was constantly impacted by music from northern and northwestern tribes and folk music. By the late Tang and Five Dynasties,the ritual and music had been falling down. In Song Dynasty,people combed the development of ceremonial classic music and reflected on its shortcomings,they praised the Zhou Dynasty tradition represented by the Book of Songs. Therefore,the Song people rebuilt the system of ceremonial classic music system to realize the political purpose. The Song Dynasty formulated ceremonial classic music for several times and got several achievements in Ritual system,intonation,creation of songs,and so on. These practices improved the system of elegant music in the Song Dynasty and reached the unity of ceremony,music and literature.