从多恩派到玄学派:18世纪的多恩研究

From the School of Donne to the Metaphysical Poets: John Donne Studies in the Eighteenth Century

学界普遍认为,多恩在18世纪是一个被人忽视的诗人。但多恩在18世纪非但没有被人遗忘,反而激发了人们的深入探究,形成了两个对立的阵营,走过了一条从"多恩派"到"玄学派"的百年历程。其间既有多恩诗的再三出版和对多恩诗的引用、仿拟与改造,也有从"共生说"与"等级说"角度对多恩的研究,更有针对多恩的"才"和"律"而展开的激烈交锋。这一切都为后世留下了丰富的宝贵遗产。而蒲伯和约翰逊等对多恩的学理构建则是多恩批评史上的第一座理论高峰,既在宏观上推动了诗学的发展,也在微观上深化了对多恩诗的认识,使多恩研究从此踏上了严肃的学术探究之路。

John Donne is generally believed to be long disparaged during the 18 th century.This paper,however,argues that Donne was never completely pushed into oblivion in that century,but conversely his work inspired more in-depth studies and even debates among Donne schoars in two opposing camps.The Donne studies shifted its focus from"the School of Donne"to"the Metaphysical Poets".The 18 th century witnessed the phenomena of republication,quotation,adaptation and modification of Donne’s poems.Scholars conducted their research from varying perspectives,such as"the Mutuality Theory"and"the Ranking Theory,"and they even debated heatedly over the issues regarding Donne’s wit and versification.All this has left a great influence on Donne studies by later generations.Scholars such as Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson are credited with the establishment of Donne’s aesthetic principles,which has been considered the first major theoretical accomplishment in the history of Donne criticism because it not only promoted the study of poetics in general,but specifically provided an insightful observation of Donne’s poetry and turned the Donne studies into a rigorous scholastic discipline.