《理想国》中的爱欲与自然--基于施特劳斯自然正当理论的分析

Love and Nature in the Republic——An Analysis Based on Strauss's Theory of Natural Right

柏拉图在《理想国》第四卷和第九卷中对于欲望有不同的看法。第四卷中把欲望看作是与理性相对立的一部分,而第九卷中,欲望同样可以存在于理性中。如何理解这种前后不一致?本文基于施特劳斯的自然正当理论,认为柏拉图把爱欲看作人的自然本性,他试图通过爱欲建构自己的政治思想。爱欲分为低等的爱欲、高贵的爱欲和理智的爱欲。柏拉图只是排斥低等的爱欲(灵魂三分中的欲望部分),修正了高贵的爱欲(激情部分),并隐藏了哲学的爱欲(理智部分)。通过厘清柏拉图对于以eors为基础所呈现的不同层面的具体的欲望(epit humia)的说法,尝试对上述问题作出解答。

Plato has different views on desire in the fourth and ninth volumes of the Republic.In Volume Four, desire is seen as part of opposition to reason, and in Volume Nine, desire can also exist in reason.How do we understand this inconsistency? Based on Strauss’ s theory of natural right, this paper holds that Plato regards love as the natural nature of human beings,and tries to construct his own political thought through love.Love is divided into three parts:including lower love, noble love and rational love.Plato only rejected the lower desires(desires the third part of the soul), corrected the noble desires(spiritedness), and concealed the philosophical desires(reason).This paper tries to answer the above question by clarifying Plato’s view of the different levels of specific desires based on eros(love).