胃癌基础研究现状与展望

Basic research status and prospect of gastric cancer

胃癌是死亡率极高的肿瘤之一,中国胃癌发病人数和死亡人数约占全球总数的一半。外科手术、放疗和化疗在胃癌治疗中存在着一定的局限性,无法显著提高胃癌患者的存活率。随着分子生物学、基因组学、表观遗传学等技术水平的不断发展,国内外研究人员在微小RNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)、环状RNA(circRNA)、外泌体、肿瘤干细胞等领域取得了可喜的成就,不断推动着胃癌发生发展机制的研究以及胃癌个体化诊断治疗的发展。为此,本文对近年来胃癌基础和免疫治疗领域的现状进行总结。

Gastric cancer is one of the most deadly tumors in the world. China accounts for about half of the world’s gastric cancer cases and deaths. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have some limitations in the treatment of gastric cancer, and cannot significantly improve the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. With the continuous development of molecular biology, genomics, epigenetics and other technical means, domestic and foreign researchers have made remarkable achievements in the fields of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), exosomes, tumor stem cells and other fields, continuously promoting the research on the development mechanism of gastric cancer and the development of personalized diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Therefore, this paper will analyze the status of basic research and immunotherapy of gastric cancer in recent years.