趋向构式中的体压制

Aspectual Coercion of Directional Constructions

基于空间属性,运动事件可分为位移和静止两种状态。但从时间属性来看,两种不同状态的运动事件在进行语言编码时并非泾渭分明,如趋向动词和时量短语进行搭配,整个结构就会出现"转动为静"现象,而且这种"错配"在人类语言里具有相当的普适性。本文从构式语法的角度,重点探讨汉语"来/去"和时量短语的搭配,提出:1)相关表达式的形成是构式压制的结果;2)"体"、"现实?非现实"等因素对"来/去"词汇体的压制起重要作用;3)参照时间对不同结构的语义解读会产生影响。

Based on the property of space, motion events can be classified into two substates, i.e.,motion and location. Yet there does not seem to be a clear-cut demarcation between them. Cross-linguistically, there exists a type of apparently non-canonical yet highly frequent constructions in the configuration of [directional verb + durational phrase], which interpretively turns motion into location. Within the framework of construction grammar, this study explores the linguistic mechanism behind the formation of directional constructions, with special reference to a range of constructions formed by directional verbs lái‘come’and qù‘go’in Chinese. It is claimed that the relevant constructions emerged as the result of constructional coercion, precisely, aspectual coercion which involves closely related factors such as time, aspect and realis-irrealis.